The Snake Keeper Blog

Mansour, W., Ben Abdelhamid, M. and Heshmati, A. (2015), “Recursive profit and loss sharing”,” The Journal of Risk, Vol. 17 no. 6, pp. 21-50. A two-tier variant of mudarabah, which has caused some complaints, is a variant that replaces profit and loss sharing between the depositor and the bank with a profitable split – losses are the whole problem of depositors. Instead of the bank and its depositors owning the capital (rabb al-mal) and the entrepreneurs of Mudarib, the bank and the entrepreneur are now the two Mudarib, and if they are lost after the execution of the overhead and operating costs, they are passed on to the depositors. One critic (Ibrahim Warde) called this “Hazard Islamic morality,” where banks are able to “privatize profits and socialize losses.” [18] [19] PROFIT SHARING. In return for the tasks performed under this Agreement, the representative shall be entitled to [percentage] of the profits made for the sale of the product, which are the direct result of the representative`s efforts. Profit and loss sharing is one of the “two core categories” of Islamic financing[2], the other being “debt-based contracts” (or “debt-type instruments”)[5], such as Murabaha, Istisna`a, Salam and Leasing, which include “the purchase and lease of fixed-yield goods or services”. [2] While early proponents of the Islamic banking system (such as Mohammad Najatuallah Siddiqui) hoped that PLS would be the main mode of Islamic financing, the use of fixed-yield financing now far exceeds that of PLS in the Islamic financing industry. [6] [7] The investor/partner receives a prorated share of the profits.

In accordance with the above-mentioned studies, Nabi (2012) studied the impact of PLS contracts on the evolution of income inequality with the process of capital accumulation, based on the study by Aghion and Bolton (1997). He studied the problem of asset inequality between two investors with different asset classes. He found that asset inequality between the two categories of investors decreases over time, proving that the profit-benefit contract shifts the dynamics of assets towards income inequality. This evidence indicates that entrepreneurship allows the latter to catch up with the initial asset class, which is consistent with the study by Maghrebi and Mirakhor (2015). Figures 1 and 2 show the optimal values of the Musharakah contract safety index when the shock is low and high after taking into account the brand movements and the audit factor. The first diagrams in Figures 1 and 2 show the optimal values of the parameters in terms of mark impressions, profit share and examination factor. We find that the simulated values of the parameters α and A for the three contracts were changed when we went from low to high shock. Indeed, the brand returns and audit parameters are respectively 0.2 and 0.3 in the event of a low shock, respectively 0.7 and 0.5 in the event of a high shock. This indicates that in a riskier environment, i.e. when switching from low to high shock, the severity of the marks tends to increase and the examination becomes more expensive.. .

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In addition, in 1994, section 32 of the Truth was created in the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act of 1994. This law is devoted to identifying certain expensive, potentially predatory mortgages and limiting their terms. Twenty-five states have passed laws against predatory loans. Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, North Carolina, New York, New Jersey, New Mexico and South Carolina are among the states considered the strongest laws. Other states with predatory credit laws are: California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Wisconsin, and West Virginia. These laws generally describe one or more categories of “expensive” or “covered” credit, defined by the fees charged to the borrower when granting credit or the annual effective annual rate. While lenders are not prohibited from granting “expensive” or “covered” credit, a number of additional restrictions are placed on these loans and penalties for non-compliance can be significant. . . .

If an existing hotel does not meet the brand requirements that then applied to a branded hotel, it can become considerable – and expensive – renovations, new furniture and equipment as part of a new FLA. In the context of buying and selling, hotel buyers need enough time to maintain and reward PIP costs. As part of the FLA negotiations, it is recommended that the new franchisee negotiate with the brand the scope of the PIP as well as the date of completion of the PIP. The brand may exclude or delay the implementation of certain PIP components, depending on how other renovations have recently been completed, the type of hotel itself (i.e. location, age or product type, especially for low fires) or other factors that support the exception. If the franchisor agrees to the sale of the hotel, the agreement generally entitles the franchisor to ask the buyer to request a franchise from the franchisee and pay the application fee, (ii) to accept the conclusion of a new home improvement plan (PIP) at the hotel, and (iii) to execute the franchisor`s current franchise agreement. Franchisee candidates must meet certain standards for financial resources and hotel operating experience. As a general rule, the franchisee does not accept the sale of a hotel to a competitor of the franchisee. When the owner/franchisee proposes to sell the hotel to a competitor of the franchisee, the franchisor usually has the right of pre-emption to acquire the hotel at the same price as that offered to the competitor or to terminate the franchise agreement. The franchisor may exercise its right to purchase the hotel if the hotel is of strategic importance to the brand.

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a withholding tax (payable by the issuer in the event of distribution, under a given tax treaty, etc.) the organisation of a central clearing system (Clearstream and Euroclear); and as long as the certificates are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and the rules of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange so require, the depositor undertakes to request the Luxembourg paying agency to publish all notifications to certificate holders in a daily newspaper generalised in Luxembourg. The calculating agent shall inform all parties concerned, provide detailed information on the calculation of interest due on fixed-income bonds or on the basis of the formula for variable-rate or variable-rate securities or the yield on asset-backed securities. . . .